Introduction

The journey across the Mediterranean marks a perilous and often illegal route for many immigrants seeking refuge in Europe. Despite the dangers, this method remains a primary choice for those who cannot secure legal visas. Understanding the reasons behind their choice involves examining the complexities of visa applications, the risks and uncertainties associated with maritime travel, and the legal rights and processes available to asylum seekers.

Challenges of Visa Applications

Obtaining a visa to enter Europe as a third-world citizen, particularly for the destitute or those in poor countries, is a lengthy and complex process. It involves extensive documentation, financial capabilities, and often ties to hostile or hostile environments where legal assistance may be limited. Consider the case of a friend from an impoverished African nation who required the following documents to obtain a visa:

Tickets for a round-trip flight Travel insurance that covers death and repatriation Certificates of property and employment Support letters from potential employers and sponsors Other miscellaneous documents

For a farmer or an individual from a rural area, gathering such documentation is an almost impossible task. The application process demands proof of financial stability, a valid reason for travel, and connections within the destination country, which are often difficult to establish without an established network or substantial resources.

Danger and Uncertainty of Maritime Journeys

The crossing of the Mediterranean itself comes with a significant risk of peril. Contrary to popular belief, the sea is rarely calm, especially in the Mediterranean, which is an enclosed sea prone to tempests. An overloaded boat, fueled by desperation, may not have adequate provisions or proper safety measures, making the journey potentially deadly.

The authorities on the northern coast of the Mediterranean often view such crossings negatively, perceiving migrants as a source of disease or strain on local resources. States like Italy and Greece may lack the resources or willingness to provide support, contributing to the desperation that drives some to take such risks.

Legal Rights and Asylum Claims

Despite the challenges, the rights of asylum seekers to enter Europe are protected by international law. This protection is enshrined in the Refugee Convention, which grants refugees the right to claim asylum upon entering any country. In practice, however, the legal process is fraught with challenges.

In Australia, for example, approximately 84% of asylum claims are found to be fraudulent. Interestingly, around 75% of asylum seekers arriving by boat are found to be genuine refugees, despite being initially labeled as illegal entrants. This paradox highlights the complexity of the issue and the need for a more nuanced approach to asylum and refugee rights.

Conclusion

The journey across the Mediterranean is a complex interplay of personal desperation, systemic challenges, and legal interpretations. While the journey is fraught with dangers and uncertainties, the legal right to seek asylum is a powerful motivator. Understanding the multifaceted nature of immigration policies and the challenges faced by asylum seekers can help foster a more informed and compassionate global community.