Travels of Roosevelt and Churchill During World War II: Aircraft and Risk

Introduction

During World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill undertook numerous trips to confer with other leaders. These journeys involved various means of transport, including airplanes and warships. This article explores the methods of travel and the risks they faced.

Travel Methods

The methods of travel varied depending on the destination. Roosevelt usually traveled by ship, with the notable exception of a train for the Quebec conference. Churchill, on the other hand, frequently traveled by airplane, often on warships like cruisers or battleships which provided significant protection against submarine attacks.

Churchill's Flights

Churchill, who was often escorted by fighters, undertook various flights. He used a Flamingo for his first few trips, and later flew in a Boeing 314A flying boat named Berwick. For his round trip across the Atlantic, he flew aboard another flying boat, the Bristol, and later used a Consolidated LB-30A named Commando. Churchill also traveled in a Avro York named Ascalon, which was designed to be more spacious and comfortable. He even received a brand new four-engine Douglas C-54 Skymaster for his final trips.

Roosevelt's Flights

Roosevelt primarily flew aboard warships such as HMS Queen Mary, a former luxury liner repurposed for wartime transportation. He also traveled on other liners and warships including the HMS Prince of Wales, HMS Duke of York, HMS Renown, and the HMS Kimbrigley. For his first trip, his ship was part of the historical 'Atlantic Charter' meeting. He briefly used destroyers and light cruisers during the war.

Risks and Provisions

Despite the protective features of their travel methods, there was always a risk of being shot down. This risk was mitigated in part by the use of warships which could easily outrun submarines. Flamingos were registered by the Royal Air Force and were comfortable with luxurious furnishings. The Boeing 314A flying boat was outfitted with peacetime luxuries, and Churchill's Ascalon had several amenities including a telephone, a bar, and even a heated toilet seat, although it was soon disconnected due to Churchill's complaints about the temperature.

Protective Measures

Churchill's health made him susceptible to pneumonia, and measures were taken to protect him. He was provided with an oxygen mask for sleeping and a transparent pressure chamber though it was ultimately rejected due to size constraints. For the Skymaster trip to Yalta, special arrangements were made to ensure his safety and comfort.

Conclusion

The travels of Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II were not just about the means of transport but also the personal diplomacy and the building of relationships that these trips facilitated. Despite the risks, they managed to maintain an unprecedented series of meetings that would shape the post-war world.

Keywords: Churchill's wartime travels, Roosevelt and Churchill, WW2 transportation