Why Pakistani Pashtuns Claim to be Afghans

The claim of Pakistani Pashtuns to be Afghans is rooted in deep-seated historical, cultural, and ethnic ties that transcend modern political borders. This article explores the reasons behind this identification and the historical context that underpins it.

Introduction

The term Afghan has historically encompassed a broader group of people, including the Pashtuns, who are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan. In ancient times, the term Afghan was used to describe Pashtuns, much like Hindu describes Indians. This historical context provides the backdrop for understanding the contemporary identity claims made by Pakistani Pashtuns.

Key Reasons for the Claim of Afghan Identity

Ethnic Identity

Pashtuns, one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, share a common cultural and linguistic heritage. The Pashto language and Pashtunwali, the traditional code of conduct, are central to their identity. These elements transcend the modern political borders between Pakistan and Afghanistan, reinforcing a shared cultural and ethnic identity.

Historical Context

The region now comprising Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan in Pakistan was historically part of Greater Afghanistan. The Durand Line, drawn by British colonial authorities in 1893, divided Pashtun territories between British India (now Pakistan) and Afghanistan. Many Pashtuns view this border as an artificial division that does not reflect their ethnic and cultural unity.

Political and Social Ties

There are strong familial and social connections across the Durand Line. Many Pashtuns have relatives on both sides of the border, fostering a sense of shared identity and solidarity. These ties create a strong political and social framework that reinforces a unified Pashtun identity.

National Identity

Some Pakistani Pashtuns identify more closely with Afghanistan due to historical ties, particularly during periods of conflict or political instability in Pakistan. This identity is sometimes reinforced by the Afghan government's recognition of Pashtun identity and culture. Shared historical experiences and periods of shared adversity have deepened this sense of national identity.

Cultural Practices

Shared customs, traditions, and social practices among Pashtuns on both sides of the border further strengthen their claim to a common Afghan identity. Cultural continuity and shared practices help maintain a sense of shared heritage and identity.

Conclusion

The claim of Pakistani Pashtuns to be Afghans is a reflection of deep-rooted ethnic, cultural, and historical connections that transcend modern national boundaries. This historical and cultural legacy means that even today, despite the political and geographical division, Pakistani Pashtuns still identify strongly with their Afghan counterparts. The historical understanding that the term Afghan once applied to all Pashtuns, and the continued cultural and familial ties, make the claim to Afghan identity a natural and meaningful one for many Pakistani Pashtuns.