Why Isn’t Spain Considered Part of the Maghreb or North Africa?

Spain is often discussed in the context of its European identity, but the question arises: why is it not considered part of the Maghreb or North Africa, given its geographical proximity and sometimes scorching temperatures in cities like Seville and Córdoba?

Geographical Definitions and Boundaries

One of the key reasons for Spain's classification as a European country is a matter of definition. Geographically, Europe and Africa are separated by the Strait of Gibraltar, a narrow strip of water that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. This physical boundary serves as a clear demarcation between the two continents. As a result, any territory situated on the western side of this strait is considered part of Europe, regardless of its climate or cultural influences.

Climate Considerations

While it's true that cities like Seville and Córdoba experience extremely high temperatures, with temperatures sometimes reaching 40-50 °C, climate alone is not the primary factor in determining a region's geographical identity. Climate is a variable that can change over time due to various factors, including long-term weather patterns and local geography. During the summer months, many areas around the Mediterranean, including parts of Southern Europe, experience hot weather, which does not automatically place them in North Africa.

Cultural and Historical Context

The cultural and historical context is also crucial in understanding why Spain is categorized as a European nation. Spain's long and rich history is deeply intertwined with European civilizations. The Iberian Peninsula has been influenced by various European powers for centuries, including the Romans, the Visigoths, and the Moors, among others. This historical connection to the broader European cultural and political landscape has reinforced Spain's identity as a European country.

The Role of the Strait of Gibraltar

The Strait of Gibraltar is not just a geographical feature; it also plays a significant role in the cultural and political identity of the regions it divides. The Strait has historically been a barrier that has influenced trade, migration, and cultural exchange. This barrier has helped maintain a distinct cultural and political identity for regions on either side of the strait.

Global Political Systems and Borders

More broadly, the way countries are classified is often determined by global political systems and international agreements. The current geopolitical landscape recognizes the Iberian Peninsula as part of Europe. This classification is recognized by international organizations such as the United Nations, the European Union, and the African Union. It is a system that is upheld for the sake of order and cooperation among nations.

Conclusion

In summary, while the climate in some parts of Spain can indeed be extreme, particularly in cities like Seville and Córdoba during the summer months, these factors alone are not enough to alter the geographical classification of a region. Spain is considered European because of its geographical position, its historical and cultural ties to European civilizations, and the ongoing global recognition of this fact within international political systems.

References

[1] Strait of Gibraltar

[2] Spain: Historical Context

[3] African Union and Maghreb