Why Do Montenegrins Have Serbian Surnames?

The question of why many Montenegrins carry Serbian surnames, despite not being Serbs, has been a subject of interest and discussion. This article explores the origins, cultural and historical context, and the contemporary realities behind these surnames in Montenegro.

Origins of Serbian Surnames

The term "Serbian surname" is often used to describe surnames that end with the letter "i" or "ovi" (which translates to -ian in English). These surnames are not exclusive to Serbia but are also commonly found in other countries in the Balkans, including Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia. Therefore, it is accurate to refer to these as South Slavic surnames, as they are shared among the various South Slavic peoples.

However, it is important to recognize that the term "Serbian surname" can be used more specifically to describe surnames that originate in Serbia or Montenegro and have not been altered to reflect regional differences. These surnames often carry cultural, historical, or familial significance that transcends political boundaries.

Slavization and Name Changes

One significant factor contributing to the prevalence of Serbian surnames in Montenegro is the process of slavization. This term refers to the assimilation of non-Slavic peoples into the Slavic cultural and linguistic identity. In the context of Montenegro and Serbia, this process was especially prevalent in the new territories that were annexed from Albania and other neighboring regions.

During this period, non-Slavic names were often modified to Slavic forms. The Albanian-inhabited territories that were integrated into Montenegro during the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a significant shift in naming practices. Many Albanian last names, especially those with unfamiliar letters and endings, were altered to fit within the Slavic nomenclature system. This transformation was an effort to reinforce Slavic cultural unity and eradicate perceived foreign influence.

It is worth noting that the situation has evolved over time. Contemporary Albanians living in Montenegro are increasingly removing the Slavic suffixes from their last names. This trend represents a shift towards preserving and highlighting their distinct cultural identity, emphasizing the boundary between historical assimilation and contemporary ethnic revival.

The Role of Religion and Ethnic Identity

The intersection of religion and ethnic identity plays a critical role in the phenomenon of Montenegrins bearing Serbian surnames. Historically, Montenegrins have been predominantly Serb Orthodox, and this religious affiliation often intertwined with ethnic identity. In the context of statehood and identity, religious practice and ethnic background often became conflated, leading to a shared cultural heritage that includes naming practices.

However, the situation in Montenegro today is more nuanced. While many Montenegrins still have Serbian surnames, there is a growing recognition and celebration of a distinct Montenegrin identity. This identity is often defined by a unique cultural heritage that is not solely rooted in Serbian traditions but includes influences from other Slavic and non-Slavic cultures present in the region.

Conclusion

The prevalence of Serbian surnames among Montenegrins is a complex and multifaceted issue that reflects historical processes of assimilation, cultural exchange, and religious association. Understanding these nuances requires considering the broader historical and socio-political contexts in which naming practices evolved and changed.