Why Are Indian Politicians Opposing the NRC?
The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a requirement that should be implemented in every democratic nation to ensure proper governance and policymaking. Its primary purpose is to determine the exact number of people residing in a country and to identify those with illegal documents and pose a threat to internal security.
The Origins of NRC
The term NRC has roots in India, particularly after the Bangladesh Liberation War. Prior to 1971, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) was under the rule of West Pakistan, leading to significant human rights violations, ethnic cleansing, and forced migration.
Background of East Pakistan
From 1947 to 1971, West Pakistan dominated East Pakistan, resulting in widespread persecution of Bengali Muslims. Riots, rapes, and killings were rampant, and minorities fled from East Pakistan to India, especially West Bengal, Assam, and other northeastern states. Indian officials reportedly facilitated the migration in exchange for financial benefits, making these movements illegal and altering the demographic composition of some Indian states.
Assam's Demand for NRC
In response to this influx, the Assam Accord signed in 1985 by Rajiv Gandhi's government aimed to establish an NRC in Assam. According to the accord, the base date for the NRC was 1 January 1966, and individuals arriving in Assam before this date were deemed legal.
Key Provisions of the Assam Accord
Persons arriving in Assam before 1.1.1966, including those on electoral rolls from 1967, would be regularized. Those arriving after 1.1.1966 and up to 24 March 1971 would be identified and expelled based on the Foreigners Act 1946. Names of detected foreigners would be removed from electoral rolls, and they would need to register themselves.The Assam Accord also addressed the issue of Bangladeshi minorities who left their homes, a topic that remains contentious.
The Controversy Surrounding the NRC
The opposition to the NRC by Indian politicians, such as Dr. Manmohan Singh and Mamta Banerjee, stems from its potential to disrupt social harmony and raise concerns about civic and religious identities. While the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) was intended to provide legal status to minorities from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, it faced significant criticism and was portrayed as a political move to influence elections.
Assam's Stance on NRC
Assam continues to resist any form of NRC, viewing it as a threat to its peace and security, regardless of the identity of the immigrants. The government's recent announcement of NRC implementation sparked political debates, with Prime Minister clarifying that a nationwide NRC is not currently under consideration.
Potential Challenges and Solutions
Despite these concerns, the implementation of an NRC in India could be made feasible if executed properly. According to estimates, around 20-30 million people might live illegally in India, including those from Bangladesh and the Rohingya. However,
Challenges like resistance from politicians, potential diplomatic tensions with Bangladesh, and cost considerations must be addressed. A political agenda-free NRC draft should be created and implemented nationwide. A comprehensive database of individuals, particularly illegal immigrants, would enable proper governance and reduce the risks of communal violence and organized crime.
By maintaining a transparent and unbiased approach, the government can effectively manage the integration of immigrants while ensuring national security and socio-economic stability.