Unique Aspects of the Inca Empire and Its Legacy
The Inca Empire, often overshadowed by the more known empires of the Aztecs, had a unique set of policies and achievements that made it one of the most remarkable civilisations in South America. This article explores the unique features of the Inca Empire, and its enduring legacy in the modern world.
Uniqueness in Justice and Administration
One of the most distinctive features of the Inca Empire was their approach to dealing with criminals. Unlike other civilizations, the Inca rulers did not solely punish the act of theft. Instead, they delved into the root causes behind criminal behaviour. If a thief was found to have committed an act out of necessity, such as due to hunger, the Inca officials would investigate further into the reasons behind his actions. If the thief was found to be merely a victim of circumstance, he would be released, and the local official would be punished for failing to address the issue. This policy demonstrated a keen understanding of socio-economic factors, reflecting a more humane and practical approach to governance.
Pillage and Survival: A Paradigm of Contradiction
Our understanding of the Inca Empire is often clouded by the actions of the conquistadors, who conquered the Inca King and later made him a slave. However, there is a paradox in their interactions. The conquistadors, led by figures like Francisco Pizarro, depicted themselves as liberators. In the play written by Anthony Shaffer, a pageant describing the conquest of the Incas, the conquistador rhetorically asks, “We have given you suffering, so you are alive.” This statement suggests a duality: the Inca Empire, despite its collapse under foreign rule, continues to exist in its lasting impact.
A Comparison with Other South American Empires
The Inca Empire stands as one of the largest and most influential pre-European empires in South America, rivalling the might of empires like Rome. However, unlike the Romans, who had access to advantages like cavalry, castles, and the wheel, the Inca Empire had to navigate mountainous terrains where people were usually fiercely independent and rebellious. Despite these challenges, the Inca built an extensive and sophisticated infrastructure that allowed them to govern vast territories. Their success was remarkable, considering the lack of advanced technologies and the difficult geography.
The Inca Empire was unique in its approach to governance. Unlike the Aztecs, who were often depicted as bloodthirsty, the Inca were more focused on stabilizing their subjects through social and economic means. It is highly unlikely that the Inca and Aztecs even knew of each other's existence, as their knowledge of each other would have been limited to vague rumours. Their collapse, much like the fall of other great empires of the past, was due to political instability, natural disasters, and plagues, not invaders.
Preservation and Legacy
The legacy of the Inca Empire is vividly present in the architectural marvels and ruins scattered throughout South America. One of the most famous is Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca city built in the 15th century. These structures testify to the ingenuity and engineering prowess of the Inca people, and they continue to captivate visitors and historians alike.
Moreover, the Inca Empire had a profound genetic impact. Every individual of Inca descent today carries a unique set of DNA, contributing to the diversity of the modern South American population. This genetic legacy is a testament to the enduring influence of the Inca civilization.
Conclusion
The Inca Empire was a remarkable civilisation that, despite facing many challenges, was able to conquer and govern a vast territory. Its unique policies and infrastructure made it a powerful entity, and its lasting legacy is visible in the ruins that still stand today. Understanding the Inca Empire not only provides insights into the history of South America but also highlights the importance of a nuanced and inclusive approach to historical narratives.