Understanding Paternoster Elevators: Safety, Risks, and Myths

Paternoster elevators are a unique type of continuously moving elevator, often found in Europe. This article explores how these elevators operate, the safety features in place, and some common myths surrounding them.

What is a Paternoster Elevator?

A paternoster elevator is characterized by a continuous, circular movement of small, shallow elevator compartments. These compartments rotate, allowing passengers to step in and out at specific points. Unlike traditional elevators, the compartments continue their loop both vertically and horizontally, giving the ride a unique experience.

The Consequences of Not Exiting on the Last Floor

If a passenger does not exit the paternoster elevator on the last floor (whether it is the ground or top floor), the elevator will continue moving. However, due to the design of the elevator, it is not possible for a passenger to be flipped upside down or to fall out of the elevator. The compartments are designed to maintain their upright position, providing a safe and continuous loop.

Continuous Motion and Positioning

The continuous motion of a paternoster elevator means that compartments will rotate even once they reach the top or bottom. In the case of reaching the ground floor, the compartments will exit the shaft and continue their journey upwards, while reaching the top will result in the compartments exiting and moving downwards. This ensures that the elevator can serve multiple levels without issues.

Safety Features and Potential Risks

Despite the unique design, paternoster elevators include several safety features:

Slow Speed: Paternosters operate at a slow speed, typically around 0.3 meters per second, providing ample time for safe entry and exit. No Doors: The absence of doors means that passengers must be aware of their timing when stepping in and out. This is a risk factor for users who might not be entirely familiar with the system. Emergency Stops: Many modern paternosters are equipped with safety mechanisms to stop the elevator in case of emergencies.

Even with these safety features, it is important to note that remaining in the elevator when it reaches its last stop can pose potential risks. The slow speed and design do mitigate most serious risks, but the risk of injury exists if passengers are not careful when exiting.

Myths and Realities

There are several misconceptions about paternoster elevators, one of which is the story of the athletic rider who made it appear as if he had flipped the elevator upside down. While this story is often used in anecdotes, paternoster elevators do not flip or cause passengers to be inverted. The elevator's design ensures that the compartments remain upright.

The 1–2 person paternoster cars are also unique in their operation. These vehicles are suspended at the top by a pivot, similar to a Ferris wheel. As they move past the top and bottom floors, the cars follow a flattened lozenge path, allowing them to move vertically in most of their journey.

Legal and Practical Considerations

In the United States, paternoster elevators are illegal. This is due to the potential hazards and risks they pose, especially for passengers who are less able. In Europe, however, paternoster elevators are commonly found in older, moderately tall buildings. They are designed to move similar volumes of people as escalators but take up less space than traditional elevators. This makes them ideal for retrofitting into historic structures without causing extensive damage.

Accessibility and Usability

Paternoster elevators are not suitable for passengers in wheelchairs or those who are blind, as the risks involved in entering and exiting the compartments consistently are too great for safe management. For this reason, regular elevators are usually provided for passengers with disabilities.

Despite these limitations, paternoster elevators remain an interesting and unique feature in many European buildings, providing a fascinating and often exhilarating ride for those who choose to experience them.

Conclusion

Paternoster elevators offer a unique and safe method of transportation, especially in European buildings. By understanding their operation and safety features, passengers can enjoy the experience with greater confidence. Whether you choose to ride one or remain on familiar ground, it is important to remember the specific rules and risks involved in these fascinating machines.