The Most Active Volcanoes in the World: Kilauea and Mauna Loa in Hawaii

Volcanoes, standing as nature's violent yet fascinating geophysical phenomena, have captured the imagination of people around the world. In the context of 2022, two volcanoes in Hawaii, Kilauea and Mauna Loa, held the title of being the most active volcanoes. This article delves into the characteristics and ongoing activities of these two volcanic giants, exploring their significance in the realm of geological study and scientific research.

Kilauea: A Never-Ending Eruption since 1983

Kilauea, situated on Hawaii's Big Island, has been erupting since September 29th, 2021, making it the most active volcano in the world. Kilauea is located on a hot spot, meaning there is a continuous source of magma, which explains its ongoing activity. Despite changes in the magma flow, Kilauea continues to erupt, even under the layers of black cooling lava that cover its surface.

The Dynamics of Kilauea's Eruption

Kilauea's volcanic activity involves the continuous flow of magma from its vent and subsequent formation of lava flows. These flows have been responsible for creating new landmasses by adding to the island of Hawaii. Underwater eruptions near Kilauea have also led to the formation of a new volcano, contributing to the ever-growing island.

Mauna Loa: The Beast of the Big Island

About 100 kilometers (62 miles) to the northeast of Kilauea is another giant among volcanoes, Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa, the world's largest active volcano, has a seismically active area, indicating its potential for further eruptions. While both Kilauea and Mauna Loa are active volcanoes, the status of activity can fluctuate based on seismic activity, gas emissions, and other geophysical indicators.

Status Update as of June 5, 2022

As of June 5, 2022, there were 47 volcanoes in a continuing eruption status. Among these, two prominent ones are Mauna Loa and Kilauea. While Kilauea has been erupting at a consistent level since 2021, as of this time, Mauna Loa seemed to be more active. This is evidenced by continued seismic activity and potential for further eruptions.

A Historical Context

For historical volcanoes, like Yasur in the Kingdom of Vanuatu, the ongoing eruption status provides a valuable opportunity for scientific study. Yasur has been erupting since July 1774, making it one of the worldrsquo;s most persistent volcanic systems. The chart below gives a summary of the eruption frequency of Yasur:

Yasur Eruption Start Date: 1774 Jul 2 in or before ± 182 days Eruption Stop Date: 2022 Jun 3 continuing Max VEI: 3

VEI stands for Volcanic Explosivity Index, a measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. Yasur's continuous eruption and relatively low VEI indicate its relatively containable but persistent activity.

Conclusion

The most active volcanoes in the world, Kilauea and Mauna Loa, continue to be areas of intense scientific interest. As global geologists and researchers, their study provides insights into the Earth's internal mechanisms and the potential impact of volcanic activity on human life and the environment. The ongoing eruption of Kilauea and the seismic activity of Mauna Loa remind us of the ever-present danger and beauty of these natural wonders.

Keywords: most active volcano, Kilauea, Mauna Loa