The Impact of Occupation on the Christian Population of Bethlehem

The city of Bethlehem, long known for its rich Christian history and pilgrimage significance, has faced significant demographic changes since the area was turned over to the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) in 1994. This article explores how the occupation by the PNA, commonly known as the Palestinian Authority (PA), and the ongoing Israeli presence have influenced the Christian population, particularly during the holiday season when the city's importance as a religious site is at its peak.

The Decline of Christian Majority

As a result of the occupation, the Christian minority of Bethlehem has declined significantly. In 1994, Bethlehem had a Christian majority of about 85%. However, due to the heavy-handed and intolerant policies of the PA, this Christian majority has dwindled to less than 15% today. This dramatic shift raises questions about the future of religious diversity in the holy city known for the nativity of Jesus Christ.

The Role of the PA and Israeli Occupation

With Bethlehem under both civil and security control of the PA (as per the Oslo Accords), the responsibility for the decrease in the Christian population cannot solely be attributed to the Israeli occupation. However, various factors associated with the PA's governance, such as the construction of illegal settlements and the erection of a segregation wall, have exacerbated the situation. The article 'Bethlehem's Declining Christian Population Casts Shadow Over Christmas' highlights the severe impact that these factors have had on the city's Christian community.

Restrictions and Challenges

The occupation has imposed numerous challenges on the Christian population of Bethlehem. For instance, the city is surrounded by the Israeli segregation wall, which spans 49 miles within the city limits. Additionally, 18 illegal settlements have been established across the Bethlehem Governorate, housing over 100,000 settlers. These developments have not only restricted access to historical and religious sites but have also impeded Christian pilgrimages to vital locations like the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The separation of the twin cities of Bethlehem and Jerusalem, facilitated by 28 checkpoints and roadblocks, further complicates the journey for pilgrims and residents alike.

The Impact of Geographical Restrictions

The geographical restrictions have a profound impact on daily life. Only a small fraction of the Bethlehem Governorate, approximately 13%, is available for Palestinian use. This restriction is particularly problematic as it limits access to key religious and historical sites. Furthermore, Israel's use of the wall to annex Rachel's Tomb, a significant holy site, has added another layer of complexity to the situation. According to a recent poll, Christians living in Bethlehem identified Israeli occupation and aggression as the leading cause of their emigration.

Conclusion

The ongoing occupation of Bethlehem has had a profound and far-reaching impact on the Christian population. While the PA bears significant responsibility for its heavy-handed policies, the actions of Israel, including the segregation wall and the construction of settlements, have also played a crucial role in this demographic shift. As the city prepares to celebrate the holiday season, these factors are more critical than ever, casting a shadow over the religious significance and the future of Bethlehem.