The Forgotten Soviet Victory: Did Stalin Outwit FDR in Post-WWII Realities?

While many history books focus on the Allied victory in World War II, the strategic decisions and post-war arrangements significantly shaped the modern geopolitical landscape. A prominent figure in this narrative is Joseph Stalin, often portrayed as the decisive victor rather than a mere participant. In this article, we explore the often-overlooked aspect of Joseph Stalin's role in WWII and how his actions compared to those of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR).

Stalin's Role in WWII: The True Victors?

It is commonly argued that Stalin's role in WWII was instrumental, and even decisive in the Allied victory. The Soviet Union's contribution to the defeat of Nazi Germany cannot be understated, as it bore the brunt of the Eastern Front battles, inflicting massive casualties on the Axis forces.

The Shift in Power Dynamics

However, as we delve into the post-war years, a different narrative emerges. Historians argue that while Stalin played a crucial role, his strategic decisions often served his own interests rather than those of the Allies. This is particularly evident in the re-drawing of post-war borders and the establishment of Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe.

Poland and the Baltic States

The Polish negotiations are a prime example of FDR's more compromising approach. In the talks with Stalin, FDR agreed to the Nazi-Polish border of 1939 created by Stalin, allowing the Soviet Union to annex large territories including Western Ukraine and Belarus. Additionally, Roosevelt conceded to the establishment of Soviet influence in countries like Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The Baltic States and East Prussia became integral parts of the Soviet Union, reshaping the geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe.

The Long-Lasting Impact

The post-war negotiations, largely influenced by Roosevelt's willingness to make compromises, had long-lasting impacts. These included the creation of a communist regime in Eastern Europe, a process that paved the way for the Iron Curtain and the Cold War. It is argued that if FDR had lived longer, the situation might have escalated, with the Soviet Union establishing communist governments in Western Europe as well, including Italy and perhaps France.

Truman's Realpolitik

Here, it is imperative to note the shift in diplomatic approach when Franklin D. Roosevelt was succeeded by Harry S. Truman. Truman's policy, known as Realpolitik, was characterized by a more pragmatic approach and a clear understanding of the opposition that could arise from the expansion of Soviet influence. This marked a significant departure from FDR's more conciliatory stance towards Stalin.

Truman's more realistic outlook, as exemplified by decisions such as the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine, played a crucial role in containing Soviet expansion and shaping the post-war international order.

Conclusion

The narrative of WWII and the post-war years is complex and multifaceted. While Franklin Delano Roosevelt's approach may have contributed to Stalin's rise as a victor, the long-term consequences of these decisions highlighted the importance of realism in diplomacy. The re-drawing of post-war borders and the establishment of Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe reshaped the geopolitical landscape, setting the stage for the Cold War and the ongoing geopolitical challenges of the 20th and 21st centuries.