The Evolution of the Border between Oklahoma and Kansas: The Historical Shift

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

One of the most significant historical events that led to the current border location between Oklahoma and Kansas was the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act on May 30, 1854. This act set out the borders of Kansas Territory, which were defined as extending from the Missouri border westward to the summit of the Rocky Mountains, now located in central Colorado. It also established the southern boundary of the territory as the 37th parallel north and the northern boundary as the 40th parallel north.

Background and Context

The Kansas-Nebraska Act aimed to settle the issue of slavery in the newly expanded territories. Prior to this, under the Missouri Compromise of 1820, slavery was prohibited north of the 36°30' parallel. However, as more territories were opened for settlement, this line became increasingly contentious.

The Border's Initial Position

The initial border set by the Kansas-Nebraska Act was relatively straightforward. The southern boundary of Kansas Territory was the 37th parallel north, which runs through a region known as the French Prairie in Kansas and the Tallgrass Prairie in Oklahoma. However, the act did not specify exactly where the 37th parallel would be along the western edge since the area was largely unexplored and the Rocky Mountains were not fully charted.

Revisions and Adjustments

It was not until later that the exact location of the border was finalized. There were several factors that influenced the movement of the border to its current southern location:

Northern Exploration: As the region was explored further, geographic surveys were conducted to map out the landscape accurately. This led to the realization that the 37th parallel would not perfectly align with the western edge of the territory. Populist Pressure: The citizens of the territory petitioned for what they believed to be a more favorable location for their new state. This included advocates for a border that would include more diverse agricultural land and resources. Political Considerations: The move was partly influenced by political maneuvering between factions, particularly those related to the Free Soil and Slave States.

The boundary was finally adjusted to its current position in the early to mid-19th century, leading to the creation of the current state boundaries we see today. This adjustment pushed the southern border slightly south, allowing for the inclusion of more fertile land for agriculture and settlement.

The Border Today

The modern border between Oklahoma and Kansas is a reflection of the historical compromises and adjustments that were made over the years. The decision to move the border southwards not only influenced the political landscape of the region but also significantly impacted the development and economic prosperity of both states.

Conclusion

The evolution of the border between Oklahoma and Kansas is a testament to the complex and often contentious history of the United States. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, while initially aimed at settling the issue of slavery and defining new territories, ultimately contributed to the current layout of the border. This movement of the border to its more southern position has had long-lasting effects on the development and landscape of both states.