Surviving Harsh Summers in the Middle East and North Africa

Summers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are notoriously hot, with temperatures often soaring around 40°C or more. Despite these extreme conditions, people in this region have developed various strategies and cultural practices to cope with the heat. This article explores the methods and lifestyle changes that enable people in the MENA region to endure the scorching summers.

Technological Adaptations

One of the key adaptations to the harsh summers is the widespread use of air conditioning. Modern air conditioning systems utilize electricity to pump and compress a coolant, thereby blowing cold air into spaces. This is a significant improvement over traditional methods. In earlier times, people relied on natural convection. This involved building houses with closely packed structures and extremely high ceilings, which helped in circulating cooler air from the lower levels to the upper parts of the building.

Cultural Practices and Clothing

While technology has made a huge difference, cultural practices and clothing also play a vital role. People in the region often stay indoors during the hottest part of the day, typically between noon and early afternoon. To protect themselves from the intense sun, they wear loose, flowing clothing that allows for better airflow and evaporation of sweat. Additionally, traditional head coverings such as the keffiyeh or thobe provide shade and keep the head cool. These practices help in reducing body temperature, making outdoor activities more bearable.

Adjusting Work Patterns and Business Hours

Another significant adaptation involves adjusting work and business schedules. Many businesses in the region close during the hottest part of the day, typically from 7 AM to 7 PM, and open later in the evening. This shift is particularly evident during the months of July and August, which are the hottest in the region. Many businesses operate from 9 AM to 2 PM, then close from 2 PM to 5 PM, and reopen from 5 PM to 9 PM. This allows workers to take advantage of the cooler evening temperatures for their work shifts.

Physical Acclimatization

Physical acclimatization is also an important factor. Over time, the human body can adapt to the heat by sweating more efficiently and maintaining a lower core body temperature. While this process can take some time, it does make the summers more manageable. It’s worth noting that some people in the region might experience discomfort even after several years, but the general consensus is that it does get easier with time.

Case Study: Tunisia and Algeria

It's important to acknowledge regional variations as well. In countries like Tunisia and Algeria, summers can indeed be milder compared to other parts of the Middle East. For instance, Tunisia often gets cooler temperatures in the evenings and has some areas where it can even snow, particularly in the highlands. However, the coastal regions of Tunisia, especially the Mediterranean coast, can still experience scorching hot summers. Similarly, Algeria experiences a rather continental climate, with colder winters and milder summers. Nevertheless, both countries still face significant challenges during the hottest months.

A Personal Perspective

A personal anecdote from someone who has resided in the region, such as Dubai, provides intriguing insights. Living in Dubai for eight years, the person notes that while the heat in the first summer is intense, subsequent summers tend to be more manageable. This shift in perception is attributed to physical acclimatization, as well as adaptability to the hotter climates. The initial shock and discomfort gradually fade, making it easier to navigate through the summer months.

Conclusion

Summers in the Middle East and North Africa are undeniably challenging, but with the right strategies and cultural practices, people successfully survive them. Air conditioning, cultural adaptations, and modified work schedules all contribute to this endurance. Regional variations, such as the milder summers in countries like Tunisia and Algeria, further highlight the diverse climatic experiences within the region.