What is Sanamahism and Why is it Still Practiced in Manipur?

Sanamahism is an ancient religion deeply rooted among the Meiteis/Meeteis of Manipur, a state in Northeastern India. This unique religion worships the forest, mountains, and rivers, reflecting its animistic roots. Despite the wide adoption of Hinduism, Sanamahism continues to hold a significant place in the lives of many Meiteis, both as a spiritual practice and a cultural heritage.

The Origin and Deities of Sanamahism

Sanamahi, the primary deity in Sanamahism, is considered the eldest son of the supreme god Yaibirel Sidaba (also known as Saalailel Sidaba) and the supreme goddess Leimarel Sidabi. The name Sanamahi translates to 'Liquid Gold' and holds immense significance within the religion. Sanamahism does not have a religious head like many other organized religions but rather operates under the guidance of a body known as Maru Loishang, or Pandit Loishang, which oversees religious activities and governs the religion.

Recognition and Practices

The commitment to Sanamahism is not just a matter of belief but is also reflected in cultural practices, such as the forehead marking with mud instead of chandan (sandalwood paste) by hardline followers. On August 5, 2022, Sanamahism received official recognition when a resolution was passed in the state assembly to record it in the census data with a unique code as an officially recognized minority religion of India. Previous attempts in 2002 and 2003 were also made but did not receive central approval.

Significant Figures and Historical Context

Sanamahism's revival and expansion are often traced back to the formation of the Apokpa Marup in 1930 by Naorem Phullo Laininghal Naoria in what is now Cachar, Assam. This movement spread to the Manipur Valley by 1934, solidifying its place in the region's cultural landscape. The religion encompasses a wide range of beliefs, including animism, divine spirits of water, vegetation, and trees, polytheism, shamanism, and totemism. These practices reflect a deep connection with nature and a belief in aembedded spiritual forces.

Importance and Cultural Influence

The recognition of Sanamahism in the 2022 census marks a significant step in affirming the cultural and religious heritage of the Meiteis. It highlights the enduring importance of this ancient faith in the lives of many individuals in Manipur. The Sanamahi movement, with its emphasis on communal worship and respect for natural elements, continues to play a vital role in maintaining cultural continuity and community identity.

Conclusion

Sanamahism remains a living tradition in Manipur, with its ancient rituals and beliefs deeply ingrained in the daily lives of its followers. The official recognition in the census data underscores the importance of preserving this unique and ancient faith for future generations.