Introduction

Russia's influence spans across various geopolitical landscapes, often characterized by the concept of 'puppet states.' These are regions or countries that, although not formally aligned with Russia, are heavily influenced or controlled by its policies and actions. The number of such puppet states, however, is often disputed and varies widely depending on one's perspective and criteria.

Comparing Russia and the United States

When comparing Russia to the United States in terms of puppet states, it is important to note that Russia lags significantly behind the global superpower. According to some assessments, Russia may only control 5% of the puppet states that the United States controls, with the latter having the most puppet states in the world, including a majority of European countries and developing nations. Specifically, the United States exerts considerable influence over European nations like Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova, as well as over several Middle Eastern and Latin American countries.

De-Facto States and Russian Influence

The de-facto states that Russia controls are quite significant. These regions are not recognized by the international community as legitimate sovereign states but are under the de facto control of Russia. Key examples include:

South Ossetia: A region in the North Caucasus, South Ossetia declared independence from Georgia and has been under Russian control since its intervention in 2008. Abkhazia: Another breakaway region in Georgia, Abkhazia declared independence from Georgia in 1992 and has received de facto recognition from Russia. Transnistria: A narrow strip of land along the Dniester River, Transnistria declared its independence from Moldova in 1990 and has enjoyed de facto sovereignty over its territory with Russian support. Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Lugansk People's Republic (LPR): These self-proclaimed republics emerged in Eastern Ukraine following the 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia and have been under Russian influence.

The Case of Syria

Perhaps the most significant and high-profile puppet state for Russia is Syria. Despite being officially independent, Syria has been heavily influenced by Russia since the Syrian Civil War began in 2011. Russia provides significant military and strategic support to the Syrian regime, ensuring its control over key areas and regions. Russia's strategic alliance with Syria plays a crucial role in maintaining its presence in the Middle East and projecting its power.

Impact on Post-Soviet Space

The de-facto states are largely concentrated within the post-Soviet space, which were once managed by the Soviet Union and have since been moving toward greater independence. Russia's influence in these regions is often seen as a way to maintain control and strengthen its regional position. The establishment and support of these breakaway regions serve as a strategy to counter perceived threats and maintain influence.

Conclusion

In total, Russia has six de-facto states that can be considered puppet states: South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Transnistria, and the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. The strategic importance of these regions cannot be understated, as they not only provide Russia with a buffer zone but also serve as a means to project its political and military influence.