RAF's Boeing B-29 Superfortresses: The Boeing Washingtons in British Service
The Royal Air Force (RAF) operated a total of 47 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses that were designated as the Washington in British service. These aircraft were primarily used for reconnaissance and were introduced at the end of World War II and into the post-war period. They served until they were retired in the early 1960s, marking a significant chapter in the history of RAF operations.
Uncertainty Surrounding Boeing Washington B. Mk.1s
While the RAF operated a total of 47 Boeing B-29s, there is some uncertainty regarding the number of Boeing Washington B. Mk.1s that actually entered service. Serial numbers were allocated for 105 aircraft, ranging from WF434 to WF448, WF490 to WF514, WF545 to WF574, WW342 to WW373, and WZ966 to WZ968. It is noted that WW356 to WW373 were definitely not delivered, leaving a balance of 87 aircraft. However, the number 88 is persistently stated as the number taken on charge.
All Boeing Washingtons were USAF B-29/B-29A aircraft that were removed from storage, overhauled, and delivered under the Mutual Defence Assistance Plan. This served as a temporary solution until the Avro Lincoln and the English Electric Canberra jet became available. Deliveries began in March 1950 with No.115 Squadron at RAF Marham re-equipping first.
Reception and Service Life
The Boeing Washingtons were well-received in RAF service. They were superior in most aspects to the Avro Lincoln and significantly enhanced crew comfort. However, serviceability remained a significant issue, particularly concerning the Wright-Cyclone R-3350 engines. By early 1954, most of these aircraft had been returned to the USA as Canberras became more prevalent.
Despite these challenges, the Washingtons continued to serve. One of them even ended its days at a US Navy weapons testing facility in the 1970s, still wearing its RAF roundels.
Distribution and Training
Bomber Command maintained two wings of Washingtons, with RAF Marham in Norfolk comprising Nos.35, 90, 115, and 207 Squadrons, and RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire hosting Nos.15, 44, 57, and 149 Squadrons. The Washington Conversion Unit was responsible for training crews for both wings and for a further squadron, No.192 based at RAF Watton in Norfolk. This unit operated three aircraft modified for intelligence gathering.
No.192 Squadron, along with the Washington Conversion Unit, retained their Washingtons until February 1958. By this time, Modified Canberras and de Havilland Comets had taken over. The remaining Washingtons in RAF service were officially retired in February 1958, marking the end of an era.
According to renowned WWII pilot Geoffrey Wellum, who flew with No.192 Squadron and is the author of 'First Light', the Boeing Washington could apparently out-turn a MiG-15 at 50 feet. However, he warns to be careful in the turn to avoid putting the wing in the water.
Conclusion
The Boeing B-29 Superfortresses, designated as the Washington in British service, played a crucial role in RAF operations during the post-war period. Though serviceability issues plagued them, their superior performance and enhanced crew comfort made them a valuable asset. Their legacy remains a testament to the technological advancements and evolving nature of air warfare in the mid-20th century.