Lesotho: A Landlocked Country Surrounded by South Africa
The landlocked country that has South Africa on all its borders is Lesotho. It is entirely surrounded by South Africa and is situated in the southern part of the continent. Despite its small size, Lesotho plays a significant role in regional politics and economy.
Historical Context and Independence
Against South African wishes, Lesotho or Basutoland as it was then, along with modern-day Botswana and Swaziland, were kept out of the Union of South Africa when it was established in 1910. Initially, Basutoland belonged to the British Cape Colony, but after the Basotho hammered the British in the Gun War, it was taken over as a protectorate by the United Kingdom. This decision was influenced by worldwide opposition to Apartheid, which refused to allow South Africa to control these territories.
Geography and Administration
Lesotho, a tiny country of about 30,000 square kilometers, is one of the smallest countries in the world. It has a unique geopolitical position as it is completely surrounded by its larger neighbor, South Africa. Maseru serves as the capital of Lesotho, which has a population of over 2 million people. The country is known for its mountainous terrain and high altitude. Interestingly, Lesotho is the only country, apart from the Vatican, to be completely surrounded by another country, Italy, making it a distinctive geopolitical entity in the world.
Political and Economic Features
Lesotho's political and economic landscape has been significantly shaped by its relationship with South Africa. The country is governed as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Economically, while agriculture is a significant sector, the country has been trying to diversify its economy through industries such as manufacturing, textile production, and tourism. The relationship with South Africa is crucial for trade, investment, and energy supply. Lesotho's hydroelectric power supply is a vital resource for South Africa, contributing to the economic interdependence between the two countries.
Conclusion
In summary, Lesotho, a small landlocked country, stands out for its unique geographical and political position. Its history shows a complex relationship with South Africa, shaped by colonial policies and international opposition to Apartheid. Understanding Lesotho's geopolitical significance and its economic and political dynamics provides insight into the regional dynamics of Southern Africa.