Lal Shahbaz Qalandar: The Islamic Provincial Saint of Sindh, Pakistan
The Islamic province of Sindh in Pakistan is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and deep-rooted spiritual traditions, particularly those associated with Sufism. Among the many revered figures, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar holds a particularly special place. He is one of the most prominent Muslim saints in Sindh and his influence can be seen in the hearts and lives of countless individuals.
The Sufi Ethos in Sindh
Islam in Sindh has a strong Sufi ethos, with numerous Muslim saints and mystics contributing to the region's spiritual landscape. Historical figures such as the renowned Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai have left an indelible mark on the region. A popular legend highlights the substantial presence of Sufism in Sindh, with an estimated 125,000 Sufi saints and mystics being buried on Makli Hill near Thatta. This vast cemetery is a testament to the historical importance of Sufism in Sindh.
The Development of Sufism in Sindh
The introduction of Sufism to Sindh paralleled its development in other regions of the Muslim world. By the 16th century, two prominent tariqat orders, the Qadria and Naqshbandia, had been established in the province. Sufism's enduring influence on the daily lives of the Sindhi people is evident in the numerous shrines and dargahs (saints' tombs) that dot the landscape.
Communal Harmony and Tolerance
Despite the deep-rooted Sufi culture, Sindh showcases a remarkable level of communal harmony between its Muslim and Hindu populations. The province has the highest percentage of Hindu residents in Pakistan, with approximately 8.5% of the total population and 11.56% of the rural population identifying as Hindu. Despite these diverse religious demographics, the Sindhi community is united by the shared values of tolerance, pluralism, and respect for others, exemplified by the devotion to figures like Lal Shahbaz Qalandar.
The Provincial Deity: Jhulelal/Zinda Pir
It is important to clarify the distinction between figures revered by different religious communities. The title 'provincial deity' does not belong to any Islamic figure. However, Sindh also has a significant non-Islamic deity, Jhulelal/Zinda Pir, who is associated with the Indus River. This Hindu-Buddhist deity is venerated by many residents, often co-existing harmoniously alongside Islamic cultural elements.
The Revered Figure: Lal Shahbaz Qalandar
Among the various saints of Sindh, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (popularly called Saheb-e-Muitka) stands out as a revered figure. Born on April 28, 1177, and passing away on February 19, 1274, he is the national saint of Sindh and a significant cultural icon. Qalandar emphasized the importance of devotion, love, and spiritual healing, and his teachings continue to inspire millions of devotees.
Qalandar is well-known for his Sulh-i-Kul (universality) concept, which promotes peace and reconciliation across all religious and cultural boundaries. His annual festival, called Dussehra, attracts pilgrims from across Pakistan and beyond, celebrating his legacy of spiritual and social unity.
Conclusion
While Islam in Sindh is deeply rooted in the Sufi tradition, it is essential to distinguish between Islamic and non-Islamic figures. Lal Shahbaz Qalandar is the rightful Islamic provincial saint of Sindh, embodying the spirit of Sufism and the values of the region. His unwavering dedication to peace and unity serves as a shining example for generations to come.