Introduction: Jharkhand Progress Post Bifurcation from Bihar
The question of what Jharkhand has achieved post its separation from Bihar in 2000 is frequently debated. To understand this, it is essential to revisit the historical and political context that led to this bifurcation and analyze the progress made in the subsequent years.
Historical Context: The Genesis of Jharkhand
The separation of Jharkhand from Bihar was a long-standing demand driven by a significant part of the tribal population. The movement for Jharkhand’s separation, known as the 'Jharkhand Mukti Movement,' began in the 1920s, with Shibu Soren leading the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha. The movement was inspired by earlier rebellions such as the Kol rebellion and Santhal Revolt, aiming for greater autonomy and economic empowerment for regions rich in natural resources but impoverished in terms of development.
Economic Progress Indicators: Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and Per Capita Income
A key measure of progress in any state is its economic growth. We can quantify this progress through Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and Per Capita Income.
GSDP
According to available data, both Bihar and Jharkhand (prior to bifurcation) were among the slower-growing states prior to 2000. However, the bifurcation allowed each state to focus on its unique economic strengths. While Bihar, being predominantly agrarian, had its constraints, Jharkhand, with its industrial base, experienced faster growth. The bifurcation, followed by targeted policy measures, contributed to a decade of satisfactory growth for both states.
Per Capita Income
The transition of Jharkhand as a separate state has significantly impacted its per capita income. Small states with better governance and a smaller population are often more efficient in economic management. Consequently, both Jharkhand and the new Bihar experienced a substantial increase in per capita income. Over the years, the per capita income in Jharkhand has nearly doubled, reflecting the efficiency of its economic policies.
Social Indicators: Literacy Rate and Infant Mortality Rate
Moving beyond economic indicators, social upliftment is equally critical. Key social indicators like Literacy Rate and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) offer insights into the broader well-being of the population.
Literacy Rate
Enhancing literacy rates is a crucial social development goal. Since the bifurcation, Jharkhand has seen a significant improvement in its literacy rates, although the challenges remain substantial in regions affected by Naxalite insurgencies. According to the latest statistics, literacy rates in Jharkhand have shown a noticeable increase, albeit with disparities in tribal belts.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The reduction in IMR is a direct indicator of improvements in healthcare delivery and overall public health. Post-separation, Jharkhand has made considerable strides in lowering its IMR. The concerted efforts to improve healthcare infrastructure and increase access to medical services have contributed to this positive trend, with a substantial decline in child mortality rates.
Challenges and Future Prospects
Despite the positive progress, Jharkhand still faces significant challenges, particularly in terms of development disparities and environmental security. The presence of Naxalite influence continues to pose a serious threat, affecting development and governance in many regions.
However, the bifurcation has provided Jharkhand with the opportunity to create specific policies tailored to its needs. With continued investment in infrastructure, education, and healthcare, Jharkhand can aim for inclusive growth that benefits all sections of its society.
Conclusion
The journey of Jharkhand post-separation from Bihar has seen notable progress, though significant challenges persist. By focusing on targeted economic and social initiatives, Jharkhand can overcome these challenges and achieve a more equitable and prosperous future.