Is Mauritania an Arab Country?
Yes, Mauritania is considered an Arab country. It is a member of the Arab League and has a significant Arab population. Despite its diverse demographic, which includes various ethnic groups such as Moors and sub-Saharan Africans, the country's official language and cultural influences align it closely with the Arab world.
Language and Culture in Mauritania
Mauritania's official language is Arabic, specifically a dialect known as Hassaniya, a form of Maghrebi Arabic. Approximately 53% of the population is Arab-Berber, with the remaining 47% consisting of various ethnic minorities including Hatrani and other groups. While the majority of the population speaks Hassaniya, some minorities continue to use their traditional mother tongues among themselves.
Political and Historical Context
Mauritania's ties to the Arab world are not only linguistic and cultural but also political. The country participates actively in the Arab League, a testament to its Arab identity. Nouakchott, the capital city, hosted the 2016 Arab summit, highlighting Mauritania's place within the Arab sphere.
During the period just before independence from France, there was a brief moment of consideration to align Mauritania more closely with the Francophone African sphere. However, this was thwarted by the influential pro-Arabist elements. These individuals took preemptive action to arrest leading Black Mauritanian military and political figures, ultimately solidifying Mauritania's position within the Arab world, similar to that of Sudan.
Cultural Tapestry and Ethnic Diversity
Despite the Arab influence, Mauritania maintains a rich cultural tapestry. The country is home to various ethnic groups, each contributing to its vibrant diversity. Moors, who are of Arab-Berber descent, make up a significant portion of the population. Sub-Saharan Africans and other smaller ethnic groups also play a crucial role in shaping Mauritania's unique identity.
Culturally, Mauritania oscillates between Arab and Berber traditions. This blend of influences is evident in various aspects of life, including cuisine, music, and literature. For instance, traditional Mauritanian music often combines Arab and Berber elements, reflecting the country's rich cultural diversity.
Conclusion
In summary, while Mauritania has a diverse population and cultural heritage, it unequivocally identifies and defines itself as an Arab country. Its official language, political affiliations, and cultural practices all point to its strong ties to the Arab world.