Does Guatemala Still Claim Belize?
As of the last knowledge update in August 2023, Guatemala continues to claim Belize as part of its territory. This territorial dispute stems from historical influences and has persisted even as Belize gained independence in 1981. The claim dates back to the colonial era, involving British and Spanish influences, leading to ongoing diplomatic discussions and negotiations between the two countries.
Historical Context and Genesis of the Claim
The roots of Guatemala's claim on Belize can be traced back to 1821, following the division of the New World as per the Treaty of Tordesillas, which was recognized only by Spain and Portugal. Guatemala believed it inherited sovereignty rights from Spain, similar to those claimed by the British over Belize, which had been under British control since at least 1716 and became a fully fledged crown colony in 1862.
Guatemala's Actions and Unpopular Governments
Guatemala has had several deeply unpopular governments, and at times, moved troops to the border of Belize to distract the public. These moves were complemented by funding and supporting a small group of insurgents who aimed to cause trouble for the British, only to be dismantled by British troops platoons.
The 1970s and British Presence
In the mid-1970s, as Britain prepared for Belize's formal independence, Guatemala viewed this as a unique opportunity to seize control of Belize. However, Britain was resolute in their stance, stationing six RAF Hawker Siddeley Harriers and the Queens Regiment in Belize to provide a formidable deterrent. In 1975/1976, Guatemala attempted to invade Belize, but their designs were thwarted due to Britain's strong defense measures and an ongoing bloody civil war in Guatemala that escalated during the period.
Contemporary Developments and Diplomatic Efforts
In recent years, efforts to resolve the dispute peacefully have intensified. In 2013, Guatemalans voted in a referendum to take the issue to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). In 2019, Belize and Guatemala agreed to move forward with this process, and the ICJ began hearing the case.
Living Near the Belize-Guatemala Border
For those living near the border, the threat of direct conflict was never significant. There were plenty of talks and rumors, but the real threat came from a small group of insurgents supported by Guatemala. Several people living there even had a plan for where to meet in the jungle in case their village was taken over by the Guatemalans, but this never turned into a reality.
Current Status and Future Prospects
For the most up-to-date status of the claim or any developments since August 2023, it is best to consult the latest news sources. The dispute continues to be a complex issue, involving historical, political, and territorial elements. Ongoing diplomatic efforts and legal proceedings at the ICJ suggest that resolution may be slow but imminent.
Documenting Historical Actions
The image above shows a Harrier patrolling over Belize City in the 1980s, operating from Ladyville at the Belize International Airport. This operation by the RAF played a crucial role in deterring any potential Guatemalan invasion attempts.