General Grant's Strategic Vision: His Approach to Richmond and Petersburg

When discussing the American Civil War, particularly in terms of General Ulysses S. Grant's strategies, a common phrase that arises is 'close enough'. However, this seemingly casual phrase often overlooks the complexity and depth of Grant's approach to the battlefields near Richmond and Petersburg. Grant’s strategic vision was fundamentally different from that of his predecessors, and his relentless pursuit of Lee's army, regardless of proximity to key Confederate cities, showcased a level of tactical genius that defines his legacy.

The Nature of Grant's Strategic Vision

The phrase 'close enough' often implies a desire for direct confrontation or a specific tactical goal. However, for Grant, the goal was far more expansive and strategic. Unlike many of his predecessors who focused on capturing the capitals of their adversaries—whether it was Moscow or Washington—Grant's primary objective was to destroy his opponent's ability to fight. This approach required a broader and more sustained effort, one that extended beyond just geographic proximity.

The Battle Near Petersburg

Grant's campaign near Petersburg exemplified this broader strategic vision. Although he did come close to Petersburg during the Overland Campaign of 1864, his primary goal was the destruction of General Robert E. Lee's army. The Siege of Petersburg, which lasted nearly a year, was a testament to this strategy. By surrounding Lee's army and undermining its supply lines, Grant was able to wear down the Confederates and ultimately force Lee into retreat.

The Enigma of Richmond

Similarly, even though Richmond was a pivotal city for the Confederacy, Grant showed no inclination to make it his primary target. Instead, his forces gradually closed in on the city, but the overall focus remained on annihilating Lee's army. The historical tours of Richmond provide insights into this period, showcasing the gradual encroachment of Union forces without a directive to capture the city itself. The preservation and historical significance of these locations have much to teach us about the complexity of military strategy during the American Civil War.

Grant's Genius: A Relentless Pursuit

Grant's genius lay in his unwavering focus on his primary objective: the complete defeat of the Confederate army. His campaigns around Richmond and Petersburg were not just about strategic proximity but about sustained pressure, attrition, and overwhelming force. This approach required greater resources, logistics, and a broader scope than traditional capital capture strategies. The relentless pursuit of Lee's army, despite the proximity to Richmond and Petersburg, demonstrated the breadth of Grant's strategic vision and the depth of his understanding of modern warfare.

Conclusion

In summary, the phrase 'close enough' for Grant was far more nuanced than it might initially appear. For Grant, the approach to Richmond and Petersburg was part of a broader strategy aimed at destroying Lee's army. His focus on attrition and attrition itself, rather than direct capital captures, showcased a strategic approach that was both innovative and effective. This focus on a broader, more sustained effort rather than a single tactical victory highlights the strategic genius that defined General Ulysses S. Grant's approach to the American Civil War.