Can Pilots File Flight Plans Mid-Air and How it Works

Contrary to what some may think, pilots can indeed file flight plans while in flight. This process is commonly known as a "pop-up" and is widely used by US pilots and increasingly recognized in the aviation industry worldwide. In this article, we'll explore when and how pilots can file flight plans while airborne, the benefits and limitations, and the role of Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Flight Service Stations (FSS).

When to File a Pop-Up Flight Plan

There are several scenarios where pilots might choose to file a flight plan mid-air:

Forgot to File Initially: A common scenario where a pilot simply forgets to file the initial VFR (Visual Flight Rules) flight plan and needs to file one. Unexpected Weather: If the weather deteriorates and a pilot with an instrument rating wants to file an IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) flight plan to continue his flight. No Ground Services: In cases where a pilot cannot reach a Flight Service Station (FSS) for filing purposes from the ground, such as during a coastal flight where the nearest FSS is inaccessible. Search and Rescue Protocols: Filing a VFR flight plan can be extremely useful in the event of an off-airfield landing, as Search and Rescue (SAR) will be notified of overdue aircraft.

How to File a Pop-Up Flight Plan

Filing a flight plan while in flight involves a few steps, which may vary depending on the region and the available resources. Typically, here are the general steps that a pilot might follow:

Contact ATC: If ATC is not too busy, the pilot can file the flight plan directly with the ATC. However, this is not always possible. Contact FSS: If ATC is busy, the pilot can contact the nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) to file the flight plan. Approve the Plan: Once the plan is filed with FSS, the pilot can then bring the plan back to ATC to activate it. ATC may need to verify the information and ensure it matches the current flight.

In the United States, the process for filing a pop-up flight plan is as follows:

Filing a VFR Flight Plan: If the pilot has not filed a VFR flight plan but needs to report an IFR flight plan, the process would be similar to filing a VFR plan, but with the IFR aspects included. Filing an IFR Flight Plan: The pilot would need to file an IFR flight plan on the FSS frequency and then report to ATC to activate the plan. Fire Regulations: In some regions, pilots may need to notify fire authorities if they are flying over a forest area due to the risk of forest fires.

Benefits and Limitations of Filing a Pop-Up Flight Plan

Benefits:

Enhanced Safety: Filing a flight plan helps to ensure that SAR can quickly find the aircraft in case of an emergency off-airfield landing. Better Coordination: With a flight plan, ATC can better coordinate with other aircraft and manage airspace more efficiently. Compliance: Filing a flight plan shows compliance with regulatory requirements, which is crucial for insurance and legal purposes. Confidence: Knowing that a flight plan is filed can provide the pilot with a sense of security and focus during the flight.

Limitations:

Time Sensitivity: Filing a pop-up flight plan requires the pilot to anticipate potential issues and be proactive. Resource Dependency: The availability of ATC and FSS resources can impact the process, leading to delays or the need for on-ground filing. Technical Issues: Technical difficulties in communication systems or outdated equipment can pose challenges.

Conclusion

While the ability to file a flight plan mid-air might not be as straightforward as on-ground filing, it is a valuable tool for pilots, enhancing their safety and the safety of others in the air. The process of filing a pop-up flight plan involves coordination with ATC and FSS, and while there are limitations, the benefits of ensuring a flight plan is in place cannot be understated.