Can Moscow Legally Demand Finland, Poland, and Post-Soviet Countries to Return to the Russian Empire?
Recent discussions about Moscow potentially declaring modern Russia as the legal successor to the Russian Empire of 1917 have piqued global interest. However, a critical question emerges: Can Moscow legally demand countries like Finland, Poland, and post-Soviet nations to return to the empire, and if so, which legal and political frameworks would apply?
Legal Framework and International Law
Under international law, particularly the principles established by the United Nations, the territorial integrity of states is a fundamental principle. The right of self-determination and the recognition of existing borders are crucial aspects of international relations. Therefore, any legal claim by Russia to territories that were part of the Russian Empire would likely be rejected.
Successor States and Historical Claims
After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917 and the subsequent formation of the Soviet Union, many territories gained independence. The legal successor state, Russia, does not inherit claims to territories that are now internationally recognized as belonging to other sovereign states. Historical claims, while potentially influential, often do not hold up against the principle of current sovereignty.
Treaties, Agreements, and Geopolitical Dynamics
Many of the territories that were once part of the Russian Empire have since established their independence and sovereignty through various treaties and international agreements. For instance, Finland declared independence in 1917, and Poland regained independence after World War I. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the independence of several countries, further complicating any claims Russia might make based on historical precedent.
Geopolitical Tensions and NATO Dynamics
Such a declaration could exacerbate tensions between Russia and its neighbors, particularly in Eastern Europe. Countries like Finland and Poland have strong national identities and histories of resisting domination by larger powers. Many of these countries, such as Poland and the Baltic states, are members of NATO and the European Union, which would likely lead to significant military and political responses from Western powers.
Internally, such a declaration could be used by the Russian government to rally nationalist sentiment. However, it could also lead to increased unrest and opposition, particularly from those who view such claims as aggressive or imperialistic.
Conclusion
In summary, while Moscow could theoretically declare itself the successor of the Russian Empire, any legal demands for territories like Finland, Poland, or post-Soviet countries would face significant legal, historical, and geopolitical obstacles. The international community would likely reject such claims, reinforcing the sovereignty of existing states and their borders.